Sipha is an ancient settlement located within the historical region of Commagene, within the borders of modern Turkey, whose exact location remains uncertain. As part of the Kingdom of Commagene, situated on strategic transit routes between East and West, it witnessed the cultural and commercial...

Platanoi/‘Pictanus’ is an ancient settlement located in the ancient region of Commagene, within the borders of modern-day Hatay province. Strategically located at the crossroads of East and West, this city has been an important part of the rich historical landscape of Anatolia and the Near...

Phlaouiopolis/Flavias is an important Roman-era settlement located within the ancient region of Commagene, in present-day Turkey. Notably named during the period of the Flavius Dynasty, the city was strategically positioned at a crucial crossroads between East and West. Historically, it was an...

Pagrae is an ancient settlement located on the southeastern borders of Anatolia, which was part of the ancient Kingdom of Commagene and later the Roman province of Syria. Integrated into the historical fabric of Commagene, strategically positioned at the crossroads between East and West, Pagrae...

Elaioussa/Sebaste is an important ancient Cilician city located on the Mediterranean coast within the borders of present-day Mersin province. Founded as Elaioussa during the Hellenistic Period, this settlement adopted the name Sebaste during the Roman Imperial Period, becoming a strategic port...

Meydan Kalesi is an ancient settlement located on the southern coast of Anatolia, in the historical region of Cilicia. Its strategic location made it one of the prominent settlements along Cilicia's important trade routes. It is a site that maintained its existence within the general geopolitical...

Marassa, a small ancient settlement situated in the strategic geography of ancient Cilicia, was located in a region known for the rugged nature of its Mediterranean coastline. Its position on important trade routes between East and West meant that the city witnessed cultural and economic...

Ma(m)psoukrenai is a settlement located in the Cilicia region of ancient Anatolia, for which detailed written sources and comprehensive archaeological research information are limited. Its name is notable for the suffix "krenai," likely indicating a water source, and it holds significance as part...

Mallos/Antiochia ad Pyramum, one of the significant cities of ancient Cilicia, stands out for its strategic location near the mouth of the Pyramos (Ceyhan) River. This city, especially renamed "Antiochia ad Pyramum" by the Seleucids during the Hellenistic Period, possessed a rich history and a...

Located in Eastern Cilicia, on the Karataş Peninsula and near the mouth of the Pyramos River (modern Ceyhan River), Magarsa is one of the region's significant ancient settlements. During the Hellenistic Period, due to its strategic importance, it was refounded under the name Antiochia ad Pyramum...

Lamos, an ancient settlement located within the borders of modern Mersin province in the ancient region of Cilicia, was established at a strategic point where the Lamos River (of the same name) flows into the Mediterranean Sea. With its location providing connections both by sea and to inland...

Lamos is an ancient settlement located in the historical region of Cilicia, forming part of Anatolia's rich historical landscape. Situated in the interior of Cilicia or near its coastline, a region notable for its strategic position, Lamos was an integral part of the area's commercial and...

Laertes, located in the western part of ancient Cilicia, within the borders of present-day Antalya province, is an ancient settlement established in a strategic position overlooking the Mediterranean Sea at the foothills of the Taurus Mountains. The city, which particularly flourished during the...

Korasion/Kalon Korakesion, located in the ancient region of Cilicia, is an ancient settlement with a strategic position on the Mediterranean coast. This city, which maintained its existence within the commercially and militarily significant dynamics of the region, is part of the rich historical...

Kiphisos is an ancient settlement located on the Mediterranean coast, an important part of the ancient region of Cilicia. Due to its strategic geography, it came under the dominion of various civilizations throughout history and contributed to the socio-economic structure of the region. This...

Kaystros/Kestros is an important ancient settlement located within the borders of modern-day Turkey, in the ancient region of Cilicia. With its strategic location, it became part of the historical and cultural fabric of the region, but it did not possess the characteristics of a major economic...

Kanytelis is an ancient settlement located in the historical region of Cilicia, whose ancient name remains uncertain. Situated on the southeastern coast of Anatolia, strategically positioned on the Mediterranean's trade routes, it is thought to have played a significant role within the rich...

Kalanthia is an ancient settlement located in the historical region of Cilicia, on the Mediterranean coast of modern-day Turkey. With its strategic location, it became an important part of the region's historical and cultural fabric, particularly noted for its position on trade routes. This city...