Situated within the historical geography of ancient Armenia, and now within the borders of modern Turkey, Maipa/Martyropolis/Ioustinianopolis is a significant settlement that reflects the political and cultural changes of the region through its multi-layered names adopted in different periods. It...

Mambre? is an ancient settlement historically believed to be located in Eastern Anatolia, within the ancient geography of Armenia, and situated within the borders of modern-day Turkey. While uncertainties exist regarding its location and identity, it bore witness to the contested history of the...

Molchia is one of the significant ancient settlements in the eastern part of Anatolia, located within the historical geography of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, about which detailed information is scarce. Situated in a strategic region often a battleground between the Roman and Persian...

Nabaris/Navarra was a strategically important settlement located within the historical territories of the Kingdom of Armenia in antiquity. Situated in the eastern extension of Anatolia, in the contested region between the Roman and Persian empires, this city was part of the ancient culture and...

Ancient Nisibis/Antiochia, located in Mesopotamia, was initially part of an Aramean kingdom and was captured by Assyrian King Adad-nirari II in 896 BCE. Following Alexander the Great's conquest, it became one of the region's significant centers during the Seleucid period, taking the name...

Nymphaeum is an important ancient settlement located within the historical geography of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Situated at one of Eastern Anatolia's strategic points, the city witnessed the struggles between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian...

Başbulak is a settlement of strategic importance in antiquity, located within the borders of Kars province in Eastern Anatolia. The city, known for a fortress built by Urartian King Minua under the name "Minuahinili" in the 9th and 8th centuries BCE, was referred to as Paracata during the Roman...

This ancient settlement, referred to as Phora or ‘Phlorianon’ and whose identity remains debated, is located within the borders of modern Turkey, in the historical geography of Armenia. Situated at a strategic point in Eastern Anatolia, this city stands out for its unique cultural and early...

Pinaka/Phaenica is an important ancient settlement located in the eastern extension of ancient Anatolia, within the historical geography of Armenia. Due to its strategic position, it was a constant area of contention between major powers such as the Roman and Persian empires, playing a decisive...

Salmalasso is an important settlement located in the ancient geography of Armenia, bearing witness to the rich history of Eastern Anatolia. The city, notable for its location in the strategic buffer zone between the Roman and Persian Empires, became part of the region's unique cultural and early...

Situated within the historical fabric of Southeast Anatolia, Sardeoua/‘Sardebar’ is an ancient settlement located in the transitional zone between Mesopotamia and Anatolia. Located within the borders of modern Mardin province, this city lies at a potentially strategic point, bearing traces of the...

Sareisa is an ancient settlement considered an important part of the Kingdom of Armenia, yet also integrated into the broader historical landscape of Eastern Anatolia. Strategically located in the contested border region between the Roman and Persian Empires, this city is notable for its unique...

Satalka/Thamanon is an ancient settlement located within the historical geography of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, situated within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Positioned amidst the strategic rivalries between the Roman and Persian empires, this city is a significant point reflecting the...

Sauras was an ancient settlement located in the historical geography of Armenia, now within the borders of modern Turkey. This ancient city held a strategic position during the conflicts between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires, becoming part of the region's unique cultural and early...

Shilloh was an important settlement located in the eastern extension of Anatolia, within the historical geography of Armenia, during antiquity. Due to its strategic location, it played a key role in the conflicts between the Roman and Persian empires and was influenced by the region's rich...

Değirmenköy, located within the borders of Van province in the Eastern Anatolia Region, is an ancient settlement that bears the traces of various civilizations throughout history. As part of the rich cultural landscape of the Lake Van basin, this site, despite having limited archaeological and...

Eskiharran is a historical settlement located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, situated on ancient transit routes between Mesopotamia and Anatolia. Positioned in the fertile plains of the Harran Plain, this ancient city hosted various civilizations throughout history and played a strategic...

Tunceli is an ancient settlement located at a strategic crossroads in the mountainous geography of Eastern Anatolia. Due to its location in a region that has witnessed the struggle for dominance among various civilizations throughout history, it played a role in the political and economic...