Colchis is an ancient settlement located in the Eastern Anatolia Region, within the historical geography of Armenia. Strategically positioned in the contested region between the Roman and Persian empires, this city witnessed the cultural and political dynamics of the area. In antiquity, it...

Cymiza/Balaleisa/‘Balouos’ is an ancient settlement located within the borders of modern-day Turkey, in the historical geography of Armenia. Situated in the challenging yet strategic terrain of Eastern Anatolia, the city witnessed the contested history of the region between the Roman and Persian...

Dadima, located within the historical region of Eastern Anatolia, part of ancient Armenia, and within the borders of modern-day Turkey, was an important settlement that belonged to one of the ancient world's venerable kingdoms. Due to its strategic location between the Roman and Persian...

Dara/Anastasioupolis is a strategic ancient city founded by the Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I in the early 6th century CE as a border fortress against the Sasanian Empire. Located in northern Mesopotamia, within modern Turkey, the city played a key role in the Byzantine-Sasanian wars, and...

Darucinte/Tareina?/Horonon? is an ancient settlement located in the Upper Euphrates region of Anatolia, situated between the modern Armenian Highlands and the border regions of Pontus. Referred to by multiple, yet unconfirmed, ancient names, this region held significant importance in antiquity...

Dauduana/Dyzanas is a strategic settlement located within the geographical confines of ancient Armenia, within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Due to its position in the eastern part of Anatolia, it played a significant role as a transit and buffer zone in the historical conflicts between the...

Deyrulzafaran is an ancient settlement located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, within the historical geography of Upper Mesopotamia. This center, of great importance particularly for the Syriac Orthodox Church, has been a religious, cultural, and strategic focal point since antiquity. As...

Elegeia/Aegea, a significant settlement located within the strategic territory of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, is part of the historical landscape of ancient Anatolia, within the borders of present-day Turkey. Situated between the Roman and Persian empires, this region is notable for its...

Elegoana is an ancient settlement whose name is uncertain or reconstructed, located within the geographical area of ancient Armenia, in present-day Turkey. This settlement, strategically located in the contested region between the Roman and Persian Empires, is an important part of Anatolia's...

Eriza was an important settlement in antiquity, located in eastern Anatolia within the historical geography of Armenia. The city was notable for its strategic location, frequently changing hands between the Roman and Persian empires, and has carved out a unique place in the region's history with...

Eski Hizan is an ancient settlement located in the historical geography of Armenia, in eastern modern-day Turkey. As part of Anatolia's mosaic of ancient civilizations, it held a strategic position, particularly during the conflicts between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires. This settlement...

This ancient settlement, known as Gymnias, Daranissa, or Datamisa, is located in the eastern part of modern-day Turkey, within the historically significant territories of the Kingdom of Armenia. Situated at a strategic point amidst the rivalries between the Roman and Persian empires, the city...

Hah is an ancient settlement located within the historical geography of ancient Armenia, situated within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Positioned amidst the rivalries between the Roman and Persian empires, it forms part of the region's rich cultural and early Christian heritage. Its strategic...

Hiaspis is an ancient settlement located within the historical geography of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, situated within the southeastern borders of modern-day Turkey. Strategically positioned in the contested region between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires, Hiaspis holds significance...

This ancient settlement, referred to as Iouliopolis?, is a potential ancient city located within the borders of modern-day Turkey, in the historical Armenian geography of Eastern Anatolia, although its identity has not yet been definitively established. Presumed to have held a strategic position...

Ioustiniane is an ancient settlement located in the historical region of Armenia, within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Its name, attributed to the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (AD 527-565), suggests that the city may have played a significant role during the Byzantine period. Its location on...

‘Isumbo’/Patansana/Zombis is an ancient settlement located within the borders of modern Turkey, in the historical geography of Armenia. As part of the Kingdom of Armenia, one of the ancient world's oldest kingdoms, it played a significant role in the strategic rivalry between the Roman and...

Khakh is an important settlement located in eastern Anatolia, within the historical geography of Armenia, during antiquity. Positioned in a strategic buffer zone between the Roman and Persian empires, Khakh was part of the region's rich cultural and early Christian heritage. The city experienced...