Kypsela is an important ancient settlement located on the European side of modern-day Turkey, in the region of Eastern Thrace, near the Maritsa (ancient Hebros) River. Thanks to its strategic geographic location, it played a pivotal military and commercial role from antiquity through the...

Nike is a small ancient settlement located within the historical region of Thrace, within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Throughout history, it was under the influence of Thracian tribes, followed by the Macedonian, Roman, and Byzantine Empires, occupying a strategic location. The city does...

Located in the northwest of ancient Anatolia, within the borders of modern Çanakkale province, Paion is part of the region's rich historical fabric. This settlement, influenced by various civilizations throughout history, is considered a regionally significant center due to its strategic...

Dağönü is a settlement located in eastern modern Turkey, on the eastern shore of Lake Van, known in antiquity as Iririn or Érérin. The region, particularly prominent during the Urartian Kingdom period, has found its place in archaeological literature with the discovery of a stele inscription...

Located east of Van, near the capital of the Urartian Kingdom, Ṭušpa (modern Van Fortress), Gövelek is known for the discovery of an important ancient stele. This stele, dated to the last quarter of the 8th century BCE, recounts the military achievements of Urartian King Rusa, son of Erimena;...

Ada / Adalar is one of the ancient settlements of Eastern Anatolia, located a few kilometers southwest of Malazgirt district in Muş province. It holds historical significance, particularly due to the rock inscription associated with the "Minua Canal," which was constructed by Urartian King Minua...

Başkale is a settlement located in the southeastern part of Turkey, in Van province, which held strategic importance in antiquity. Particularly during the Urartian Kingdom period, in the 9th/8th centuries BCE, it was a powerful fortress city built by King Minua under the name "City of the God...

Hurkum (modern Dilkaya) is an ancient settlement located in the Eastern Anatolia Region, on the southern shore of Lake Van. As one of the most important Urartian centers in the region, this city is particularly known for an inscribed column base belonging to Urartian King Minua (9th/8th century...

Alalaḫ is an important Bronze Age city located in the Amik Plain, within modern-day Hatay Province, Turkey. Inhabited since the 3rd millennium BCE, it became a regional power center, particularly in the 2nd millennium BCE, serving as a strategic buffer state between the Yamhad and Hittite...

Bozkurt is an important ancient settlement located in the Eastern Anatolia Region, on the southwestern slopes of Mount Ararat, at a transition point to the Doğubayazıt Plain. This complex, which experienced continuous habitation from the Middle-Late Chalcolithic Period to the Urartian Kingdom in...

Chatal Höyük (Amuq), located in the fertile Amuq Plain of Hatay, is a multi-layered tell settlement that experienced continuous occupation from the late 4th millennium BCE to the mid-1st millennium BCE. It particularly emerged as an important town with strong connections to the Hittite Empire...

Kebili is a small village located today on the Turkey-Syria border, on the banks of the Tigris River, approximately 25 km southwest of Cizre. The original name of the ancient site underlying the modern settlement is unknown, but due to its strategic location, it likely played a role within the...

Kizkapanli is a modern village located within the borders of Turkey's Kahramanmaraş province today. Rather than being a major city in antiquity, it gained importance due to its strategic location. Notably, the discovery of the Pazarcık Stele here, dated to the 9th and 8th centuries BCE and...

Bahçecik is an ancient settlement located within the modern-day Sur district of Diyarbakır province. In the 8th century BCE, Urartian King Sarduri constructed a strategically important tower temple and a fortress named "Sarduriḫinili." With these structures, it became a significant indicator of...

Ani, located in Kars Province on the Turkey-Armenia border, is an ancient settlement known for its strategic importance throughout history, serving as the capital of the medieval Armenian Bagratuni Kingdom. Once referred to as the "City of 1001 Churches," this city became one of Eastern...

Eruandakert is an important settlement located in the eastern part of ancient Anatolia, within the historical geography of Armenia. This city, whose name is associated with the Orontids, one of the powerful dynasties of the region during the Hellenistic Period, drew attention with its strategic...

Eruandashat is an important ancient settlement located in the eastern part of ancient Anatolia, within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Mentioned particularly in Armenian historiography and believed to have served as a capital during the Orontid (Yervandid) Dynasty, this city played a central...

Abarne is a small settlement located in the geographical region of ancient Armenia, within the borders of modern-day Turkey. As part of the historical landscape of Eastern Anatolia, it held a strategic position in the contested region between the Roman and Persian empires, and witnessed the...