‘Isumbo’/Patansana/Zombis is an ancient settlement located within the borders of modern Turkey, in the historical geography of Armenia. As part of the Kingdom of Armenia, one of the ancient world's oldest kingdoms, it played a significant role in the strategic rivalry between the Roman and...

Başbulak is a settlement of strategic importance in antiquity, located within the borders of Kars province in Eastern Anatolia. The city, known for a fortress built by Urartian King Minua under the name "Minuahinili" in the 9th and 8th centuries BCE, was referred to as Paracata during the Roman...

Nymphaeum is an important ancient settlement located within the historical geography of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Situated at one of Eastern Anatolia's strategic points, the city witnessed the struggles between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian...

Ancient Nisibis/Antiochia, located in Mesopotamia, was initially part of an Aramean kingdom and was captured by Assyrian King Adad-nirari II in 896 BCE. Following Alexander the Great's conquest, it became one of the region's significant centers during the Seleucid period, taking the name...

Nabaris/Navarra was a strategically important settlement located within the historical territories of the Kingdom of Armenia in antiquity. Situated in the eastern extension of Anatolia, in the contested region between the Roman and Persian empires, this city was part of the ancient culture and...

Molchia is one of the significant ancient settlements in the eastern part of Anatolia, located within the historical geography of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, about which detailed information is scarce. Situated in a strategic region often a battleground between the Roman and Persian...

Mambre? is an ancient settlement historically believed to be located in Eastern Anatolia, within the ancient geography of Armenia, and situated within the borders of modern-day Turkey. While uncertainties exist regarding its location and identity, it bore witness to the contested history of the...

Situated within the historical geography of ancient Armenia, and now within the borders of modern Turkey, Maipa/Martyropolis/Ioustinianopolis is a significant settlement that reflects the political and cultural changes of the region through its multi-layered names adopted in different periods. It...

Mac(h)arta/Tiberioupolis/Monokarton is a multi-named settlement located in the historical geography of Armenia, in eastern Anatolia during antiquity. Situated in a strategic position between the Roman and Persian empires, this city became part of the rich cultural and early Christian heritage of...

Korde is an important ancient settlement located within the historical geography of Armenia, one of the oldest kingdoms of the ancient world, and situated within the borders of modern-day Turkey. Situated in a strategic location between the Roman and Persian empires, the city bore witness to the...

Khakh is an important settlement located in eastern Anatolia, within the historical geography of Armenia, during antiquity. Positioned in a strategic buffer zone between the Roman and Persian empires, Khakh was part of the region's rich cultural and early Christian heritage. The city experienced...

This ancient settlement, known as Gymnias, Daranissa, or Datamisa, is located in the eastern part of modern-day Turkey, within the historically significant territories of the Kingdom of Armenia. Situated at a strategic point amidst the rivalries between the Roman and Persian empires, the city...

Deyrulzafaran is an ancient settlement located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, within the historical geography of Upper Mesopotamia. This center, of great importance particularly for the Syriac Orthodox Church, has been a religious, cultural, and strategic focal point since antiquity. As...

Elegeia/Aegea, a significant settlement located within the strategic territory of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, is part of the historical landscape of ancient Anatolia, within the borders of present-day Turkey. Situated between the Roman and Persian empires, this region is notable for its...

Elegoana is an ancient settlement whose name is uncertain or reconstructed, located within the geographical area of ancient Armenia, in present-day Turkey. This settlement, strategically located in the contested region between the Roman and Persian Empires, is an important part of Anatolia's...

Eriza was an important settlement in antiquity, located in eastern Anatolia within the historical geography of Armenia. The city was notable for its strategic location, frequently changing hands between the Roman and Persian empires, and has carved out a unique place in the region's history with...

Eski Hizan is an ancient settlement located in the historical geography of Armenia, in eastern modern-day Turkey. As part of Anatolia's mosaic of ancient civilizations, it held a strategic position, particularly during the conflicts between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires. This settlement...

Hiaspis is an ancient settlement located within the historical geography of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, situated within the southeastern borders of modern-day Turkey. Strategically positioned in the contested region between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires, Hiaspis holds significance...