Dadima, located within the historical region of Eastern Anatolia, part of ancient Armenia, and within the borders of modern-day Turkey, was an important settlement that belonged to one of the ancient world's venerable kingdoms. Due to its strategic location between the Roman and Persian...

Cymiza/Balaleisa/‘Balouos’ is an ancient settlement located within the borders of modern-day Turkey, in the historical geography of Armenia. Situated in the challenging yet strategic terrain of Eastern Anatolia, the city witnessed the contested history of the region between the Roman and Persian...

Colchis is an ancient settlement located in the Eastern Anatolia Region, within the historical geography of Armenia. Strategically positioned in the contested region between the Roman and Persian empires, this city witnessed the cultural and political dynamics of the area. In antiquity, it...

Chozana, located in the eastern part of Anatolia within the historical geography of Armenia, is one of the significant yet obscure ancient settlements. Its position in the contested region between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Persian Empires suggests the city's strategic importance and its...

Charcha/‘Arcaiapis’/Karcharoman is a settlement located in the eastern part of Anatolia, within the historical region of Armenia, currently within the borders of modern Turkey. Due to its strategic location, it was part of the cultural and political landscape of Armenia, which served as an...

Calata is an ancient settlement located in the historical geography of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, in the eastern part of modern-day Turkey. Situated in a region at the focal point of conflicts between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires due to its strategic position in Eastern...

Bizana/Leontopolis, located in the historical Armenian geography of Eastern Anatolia, was a significant settlement in antiquity, notable for its strategic position. Situated at the focal point of conflicts between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires, it hosted various civilizations throughout...

Bagauna/‘Sagouana’ is an important ancient settlement strategically positioned in Eastern Anatolia, located within the historical territories of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia. Its location in a region frequently contested by the Roman and Persian Empires profoundly influenced the city's...

Ancient Erzurum is a deeply rooted city in a strategic location in Eastern Anatolia, bearing traces of settlement from the Urartian period onwards. Known as Theodosiopolis during the Late Roman period, this settlement remained one of the region's important centers throughout the Byzantine and...

A strategic settlement located in the Sophene region of ancient Armenia, known by multiple names throughout history. Armenian names such as "Arkathiokerta" and "Artagigarta" mean "city of Arkathias/Artaxias," indicating a royal foundation, while "Basileon Phrourion," meaning "royal fortress" in...

Situated in Kars Province, Eastern Anatolia, on the banks of the Arpaçay River, Ani is an ancient city of great strategic and cultural importance that hosted numerous civilizations throughout history. It experienced its golden age particularly during the Middle Ages as the capital of the Bagratid...

This ancient city, known by numerous names such as Antiochia Arabis, Antoninopolis, Tella, Constantia, and Maximianopolis, is located in southeastern modern-day Turkey, within the historical region of Armenia. Due to its strategic location, it remained a focal point of contention between the...

Anzita is an important settlement located in eastern Anatolia, within the historical geography of Armenia, during antiquity. Due to its strategic position between the Roman and Persian empires, it frequently became a focal point of political conflicts, preserving its unique cultural identity and...

Anzitene is an ancient settlement located in the eastern part of Anatolia during antiquity, forming a significant part of historical Armenian geography. It is notable for its strategic position amidst the rivalries between the Roman and Persian empires. With its distinctive culture and early...

Arest/Dagnevana is an ancient settlement located within the borders of modern-day Turkey, in the historical geography of Armenia. This strategic location in eastern Anatolia led the city to play a significant role in the cultural and political life of the Armenian Kingdom, one of the ancient...

Arsamosata was one of the strategically important cities of the ancient Kingdom of Commagene, situated on or in the immediate vicinity of the Euphrates River. This settlement, which existed from the Hellenistic period onwards, held great importance, particularly as a military and commercial...

Arzamon/Arxama, one of the significant settlements of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, was strategically located in the historical geography of Anatolia, within the buffer zone between the Roman and Persian empires. Bearing traces of ancient Armenian culture and early Christian heritage, this...

Edremit is a modern settlement located on the southern shore of Lake Van, southeast of present-day Van province. In antiquity, it held great importance, particularly during the Urartian Kingdom, and is known for the presence of the famous "Minua Canal," constructed by King Minua (9th/8th century...